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Al Doss Everytime He Walks Again

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2001 revolution that overthrow Joseph Estrada in the Philippines

This article is well-nigh EDSA II of January 2001. For the EDSA Revolution in April 2001, see EDSA 3. For the EDSA Revolution in Feb 1986, come across People Power Revolution.

Second EDSA Revolution
EDSA Ii
Date January 17–20, 2001
(3 days)
Location

Philippines, primarily Epifanio de los Santos Artery, Metro Manila
Acquired past Breakdown in negotiations during the impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada that began in Dec 2000
Goals Removal of Joseph Estrada as President
Methods Protests
Resulted in
  • Estrada and his family leaves Malacañang Palace
  • Resignation and ouster of President Joseph Estrada
  • Gloria Macapagal Approach becomes President
Parties to the civil conflict

Opposition
Military defectors:[1]

  • Armed Forces of the Philippines
  • Philippine National Police

Others:

  • Anti-Estrada civilian protesters

Religious groups:[i]

  • Archdiocese of Manila
  • CBCP

Militant groups:[i]

  • Estrada Resign Move
  • SANLAKAS
  • Akbayan Citizens Action Party
  • Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
  • Kongreso ng Mamayang Pilipino II

Individual groups:

  • Makati Business Club[1]

Authorities
Authorities parties:

  • Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
  • Lapian ng Masang Pilipino

Others:

  • Pro-Estrada civilian supporters

Religious groups:

  • Iglesia ni Cristo

Military loyalists:

  • Presidential Security Group
Lead figures
Gloria Macapagal
(Vice President)

Others:

  • Angelo Reyes
  • Panfilo Lacson
  • Corazon Aquino
  • Fidel Ramos
  • Jaime Cardinal Sin
Joseph Estrada
(President)

Others:

  • Loi Estrada
  • Jinggoy Estrada
  • Imelda Marcos
  • Juan Ponce Enrile
  • Miriam D. Santiago
  • Eraño Manalo
Number

100,000[2] to 250,000[iii] protesters

The Second EDSA Revolution, likewise known as People Power Revolution Two, EDSA 2001, and EDSA II (pronounced as EDSA Ii or EDSA Dos), was a political protestation on January 17–20, 2001, that peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada, the thirteenth president of the Philippines.[2] Estrada resigned and was succeeded past his Vice President, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was sworn into role by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. at around noon on January xx, 2001, several hours earlier Estrada fled Malacañang Palace. EDSA is an acronym derived from Epifanio de los Santos Artery, the major thoroughfare connecting v cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan, with the revolution'due south epicenter at the EDSA Shrine church at the northern tip of Ortigas Center, a concern district.

Background [edit]

Advocates described EDSA Two every bit "pop", just critics view the insurgence every bit a conspiracy amidst political and business elites, armed services top brass, and Catholic Cardinal Jaime Sin.[four] International reaction to the defection was mixed, with some foreign nations including the United States immediately recognising the legitimacy of Arroyo'southward presidency, and foreign commentators describing it as "a defeat for due process of constabulary", "mob rule", and a "de facto coup".[5]

Estrada was a popular thespian-turned politician who ran under the slogan "Erap para sa mahirap," or "Erap for the poor" [6] (referring to Estrada'south nickname "Erap").[seven]

On Oct 4, 2000, Ilocos Sur Governor Luis "Chavit" Singson, a longtime friend of President Joseph Estrada, went public with accusations that Estrada, his family and friends received millions of pesos from operations of the illegal numbers game, jueteng.[viii]

The exposé immediately ignited reactions of rage. The side by side 24-hour interval, Senate Minority Leader Teofisto Guingona, Jr. delivered a fiery privilege spoken communication accusing Estrada of receiving P220 million in jueteng money from Governor Singson from November 1998 to Baronial 2000, as well every bit taking P70 one thousand thousand-worth of excise revenue enhancement money from cigarettes intended for Ilocos Sur. He as well allegedly received P130 1000000 in kickbacks released past then budget secretarial assistant Benjamin Diokno for tobacco farmers,[9] while his wife Loi Ejercito's foundation allegedly received P100 million "to the detriment of regular beneficiaries."[10] Estrada was as well accused of misusing 52 smuggled luxury vehicles,[9] nepotism,[11] and he allegedly hid assets and bought mansions for his mistresses.[12] The privilege spoken language was referred by Senate President Franklin Drilon, to the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee and the Philippine House Commission on Justice for joint investigation. Another commission in the Business firm of Representatives decided to investigate the exposé, while other House members spearheaded a move to impeach the president.[8]

More calls for resignation came from Manila Fundamental Archbishop Jaime Sin, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, former Presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Approach (who had resigned her cabinet position of Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development). Key Sin stated in a argument, "In the light of the scandals that besmirched the prototype of presidency, in the last 2 years, we stand by our conviction that he has lost the moral say-so to govern."[13] More resignations came from Estrada's chiffonier and economic advisers, and other members of congress defected from his ruling party.[viii]

On November 13, 2000, the House of Representatives led past Speaker Manuel Villar transmitted the Articles of Impeachment, signed past 115 representatives, to the Senate. This caused shakeups in the leadership of both houses of congress.[8] The impeachment trial was formally opened on November twenty, with twenty-one senators taking their oaths as judges, and Supreme Court Primary Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. presiding. The trial began on December 7.[8]

The solar day-to-day trial was covered on live television and received the highest viewing rating, more often than not by the broadcasting giant ABS-CBN at the time.[8] Among the highlights of the trial was the testimony of Clarissa Ocampo, senior vice president of Equitable PCI Bank, who testified that she was one foot away from Estrada when he signed the name "Jose Velarde" documents involving a P500 million investment understanding with their bank in February 2000.[8]

Timeline [edit]

Impeachment trial [edit]

On January xvi, 2001, the impeachment trial of President Estrada moved to the investigation of an envelope containing crucial prove that would allegedly show acts of political corruption past Estrada. Senators allied with Estrada moved to block the evidence. The disharmonize between the senator-judges and the prosecution became deeper, only so-Senate Bulk Flooring Leader Francisco Tatad requested that the impeachment court take a vote on opening the 2nd envelope. The vote resulted in 10 senators in favor of examining the evidence, and eleven senators in favor of suppressing it. The listing of senators who voted for the 2nd envelope are as follows:

Voted to examine [edit]

  1. Rodolfo G. Biazon
  2. Renato L. Cayetano
  3. Franklin M. Drilon
  4. Juan M. Flavier
  5. Teofisto T. Guingona, Jr.
  6. Lorna Regina B. Legarda-Leviste
  7. Ramon B. Magsaysay, Jr.
  8. Sergio D.R. Osmeña III
  9. Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr.
  10. Raul S. Roco

Voted against examining [edit]

  1. Ma. Teresa A. Aquino-Oreta
  2. Anna Dominique G.L. Coseteng
  3. Miriam P. Defensor-Santiago
  4. Juan F. Ponce Enrile
  5. Gregorio B. Honasan 2
  6. Robert Vincent S. Jaworski
  7. Blas F. Ople
  8. John Henry R. Osmeña
  9. Ramon A. Revilla Sr.
  10. Vicente C. Sotto III
  11. Francisco S. Tatad

After the vote, Senator Nene Pimentel resigned as Senate President and walked out of the impeachment proceedings together with the nine opposition senators and 11 prosecutors in the Estrada impeachment trial. The 11 administration senators who voted to block the opening of the 2nd envelope remained in the Senate session hall together with members of the defence force console. The phrase "Joe's Cohorts" quickly surfaced every bit a mnemonic device for remembering their names (Joe's Cohorts: Jaworski, Oreta, Eastwardnrile, Santiago, Coseteng, Osmeña, Honasan, Ople, Revilla, Tatad, Sotto).[14] On February xiv, 2001, at the initiative of Senate President Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., the second envelope was opened earlier the local and strange media. Information technology contained the document that stated that businessman Jaime Dichaves and not Estrada owned the "Jose Velarde" account.[15] [16]'

Day 1: January 17, 2001 [edit]

All eleven prosecutors in the Estrada impeachment trial resigned. Sen. Tessie Aquino-Oreta, one of eleven senators who voted confronting opening the envelope, was seen on national television patently dancing joyfully as the opposition walked out.[17] This further fueled the growing anti-Erap sentiments of the oversupply gathered at EDSA Shrine, and she became the most vilified of the eleven senators. She was labeled a "prostitute" and a "concubine" of Estrada for her dancing act, while Senator Defensor-Santiago was also ridiculed past the crowd who branded her a "lunatic".

Equally he did in the EDSA I protests, Primal Jaime Sin called on the people to join the rally at the shrine. During the night, people began to assemble in big numbers around the shrine.

Day 2: Jan 18, 2001 [edit]

The crowd continued to grow, bolstered past students from private schools and left-wing organizations. Activists from Bayan Muna and Akbayan as well as lawyers of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and other bar associations joined the thousands of protesters. A like parallel anti-Estrada rally was held in Makati, and at the shrine surface area, only as in 1986, stars and icons from the music industry entertained the vast crowds.

Day iii: January nineteen, 2001 [edit]

The Philippine National Police and the War machine of the Philippines withdrew their support for Estrada, joining the crowds at the EDSA Shrine.[3]

At ii:00 PM, Joseph Estrada appears on television for the showtime time since the beginning of the protests and maintains that he will not resign. He says he wants the impeachment trial to continue, stressing that only a guilty verdict will remove him from function.

At half-dozen:15 PM, Estrada again appears on television, calling for a snap presidential election to be held concurrently with congressional and local elections on May 14, 2001. He adds that he will non run in this ballot.

Day iv: Jan 20, 2001 [edit]

At 12:xxx in the afternoon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo took her oath of role as president earlier Primary Justice Hilario Davide Jr. in the presence of the crowd at EDSA.[18] At the same fourth dimension, however, a large anti-Estrada crowd had already gathered at the historic Mendiola Bridge, having left the shrine earlier in the day, only to face PNP personnel and the pro-Estrada supporters behind them, who had by now already attacked both the police and the anti-Estrada protesters and heckling them and even members of the press.

At 2:00 PM, Estrada released a letter proverb he had "potent and serious doubts about the legality and constitutionality of her declaration as president".[19] In that same letter of the alphabet, however, he said he would give upwardly his office to allow for national reconciliation.

Later, Estrada and his family unit evacuated Malacañang Palace on a boat along the Pasig River. They were smiling and waving to reporters and shaking hands with the remaining Cabinet members and palace employees. He was initially placed under house arrest in San Juan, simply was later on transferred to his residual dwelling house in Sampaloc, a small village in Tanay, Rizal.

Backwash [edit]

On the concluding twenty-four hours of protests on EDSA on January 20, 2001, Estrada resigned as president and his successor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn into function past Supreme Court Primary Justice Hilario G. Davide Jr.[20] [21]

On March two, 2001, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Estrada's resignation in a unanimous 13-0 decision in Estrada vs. Desierto.[22]

On September 12, 2007, Estrada was establish guilty of plunder beyond reasonable doubt by the Philippine anti-graft court and sentenced to life imprisonment.[23] [24] [12] He was pardoned by Macapagal-Approach on October 25, 2007.[25] [23]

Criticism [edit]

World reaction to the administration alter was mixed, though foreign nations, including the Usa, immediately expressed recognition of the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency, strange commentators described the defection as "a defeat for due process of law", "mob rule", and a "de facto coup".[five] The only ways of legitimizing the event was the terminal-infinitesimal Supreme Court ruling that "the welfare of the people is the supreme law."[26] But past then, the Armed Forces of the Philippines had already withdrawn support for the president, which some analysts called unconstitutional, and most strange political analysts like-minded with this assessment. William Overholt, a Hong Kong-based political economist said that "Information technology is either being called mob dominion or mob rule as a cover for a well-planned coup, but either style, it's not republic."[5] Opinion was divided during EDSA Two about whether Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as the incumbent vice president should be president if Joseph Estrada was ousted; many groups who participated in EDSA Two expressly stated that they did not want Approach for president either, and some of them would later on participate in EDSA III. The prevailing Constitution of the Philippines calls for the Vice President of the Philippines, Approach at the time, to act as interim president only when the sitting president dies, resigns, or becomes incapacitated. Estrada had resigned from part and the constitutionality of his resignation was upheld by the Supreme Court on March two, 2001.[22]

After Estrada's plunder conviction and subsequent pardon, on Jan 18, 2008, Estrada's Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) bought total-page advert in Metro Manila newspapers, blaming EDSA 2 of having "inflicted a dent on Philippine republic". It featured clippings questioned the constitutionality of the revolution. The published featured clippings were taken from Fourth dimension, The New York Times, The Straits Times, The Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, Asia Times Online, The Economist, and International Herald Tribune. Former Supreme Court justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma opined that EDSA 2 violated the 1987 Constitution.[27]

In February 2008 parts of the Catholic Church that played a vital role during EDSA Ii issued a sort of amends. The sitting Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) president, Iloilo Archbishop Angel Lagdameo expressed thwarting in Mrs. Arroyo, and called EDSA Two a error.[28]

On March 13, 2008, Joseph Estrada named Lucio Tan, Jaime Sin, Fidel Ramos, Luis Singson, and the Ayala and Lopez clans (who were both involved in h2o businesses) as co-conspirators of EDSA Revolution of 2001.[29] In October 2016, Estrada claimed without evidence that it was the U.South. that ousted him from office.[xxx]

See also [edit]

  • 1999 Shia insurgence in Iraq, a similar event in Iraq
  • 2013-2014 Cambodian protests, a like issue in Cambodia
  • Koza riot, a similar event in Japan
  • 1968 Smoothen political crisis, a similar event in Poland

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Baumgartner, Jody; Kada, Naoko, eds. (January one, 2003). "Weak Institutions and Stiff Movements: The Case of President Estrada'south Impeachment and Removal in the Philippines". Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 45–63. ISBN9780275979263.
  2. ^ a b "Estrada: A Tarnished Legacy". The Wall Street Journal. Jan 22, 2001.
  3. ^ a b "Filipinos rally to oust the president". The Guardian. January nineteen, 2001.
  4. ^ Bowring, Philip. Filipino Democracy Needs Stronger Institutions. International Herald Tribune website. 2001, January 22. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  5. ^ a b c Mydans, Seth. 'People Power II' Doesn't Requite Filipinos the Aforementioned Glow. February v, 2001. The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Looking back at EDSA Two: The political paths of Estrada and Arroyo". Rappler. January 17, 2017. Retrieved Apr 27, 2018.
  7. ^ Ager, Maila (April thirty, 2015). "FPJ didn't want to be associated with Erap Estrada—Angara". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d east f g "Estrada vs Desierto: 146710-fifteen : March 2, 2001 : J. Puno : En Banc". Supreme Courtroom of the Philippines. March 2, 2001. Retrieved February xviii, 2013.
  9. ^ a b "Fast Facts: Estrada Impeachment Trial". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved Apr 27, 2018.
  10. ^ Rufo, Aries (October 31, 2001). "Everyone's Cash Cow". Newsbreak . Retrieved Apr 27, 2018.
  11. ^ Danao, Efren (February 22, 2001). "Probe of Estrada to keep". The Philippine Star . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  12. ^ a b Sturcke, James (September 12, 2007). "Estrada given life sentence for corruption". the Guardian . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  13. ^ Amando Doronila, The Autumn of Joseph Estrada, 2001, p. 83
  14. ^ Armageddon Averted: People Power 2001 (Jan 2001), Asian Concern Strategy and Street Intelligence Ezine.
  15. ^ "Dichavez endemic bank business relationship, says Pimentel". Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. May 31, 2005.
  16. ^ "Erap Plunder Trial - BIR wants Erap to pay P2.9B tax; Estrada cries harassment". GMA News. October 16, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  17. ^ "Paano nagsimula ang EDSA Dos noong Enero 2001". DZMM TeleRadyo. Facebook. Retrieved January xxx, 2022.
  18. ^ "Estrada to stand up trial for plunder". The Guardian. Jan 20, 2001.
  19. ^ Dirk J. Barreveld (2001). Philippine President Estada Impeached!: How the President of the Earth'south 13th Most Populous Country Stumbles Over His Mistresses, a Chinese Conspiracy and the Garbage of His Capital. iUniverse. pp. 476. ISBN978-0-595-18437-viii.
  20. ^ Panganiban, Artemio V. (January 24, 2016). "SC: Arroyo takeover constitutional". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  21. ^ Diaz, Jess (January 27, 2015). "Erap resigned as president, tin can't run once again — lawyer". The Philippine Star . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  22. ^ a b Panganiban, Artemio V. (January 17, 2016). "Constitutionality of Edsa i and Edsa ii". Inquirer . Retrieved Feb 27, 2022.
  23. ^ a b Rodis, Rodel (August 28, 2013). "Estrada's plunder conviction remembered". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  24. ^ "Erap guilty of plunder, sentenced to reclusion perpetua". GMA News. September 12, 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  25. ^ Mogato, Manny (October 25, 2007). "Quondam Philippine president Estrada pardoned". Reuters . Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  26. ^ "SC: People's welfare is the supreme police". The Philippine Star. January 21, 2001. Retrieved February eighteen, 2013.
  27. ^ "GMA NEWS.TV, Erap's PMP questions EDSA 2 constitutionality". GMA News. January xviii, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  28. ^ Ayen Infante (February twenty, 2008). "Edsa 2 a error, says CBCP caput". The Daily Tribune. Philippines. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  29. ^ "GMA NEWS.TV, vii years after ouster, Erap bares 5 conspirators". GMA News. March 12, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  30. ^ "Manila Standard, Duterte is right, Estrada insists".

Further reading [edit]

  • Greg Hutchinson; Ellen Tordesillas (2001). Hot money, warm bodies: the downfall of President Joseph Estrada. Anvil Publishing. ISBN978-971-27-1104-6.

External links [edit]

  • CNN.com - Arroyo sworn in as president of Philippines - Jan 21, 2001
  • The Story of EDSA II: Why Erap Failed
  • The New York Times - Expecting Praise, Filipinos are Criticized for Ouster
  • The Success of People Ability Two and what it really means

wardworsir.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution

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